When He Tingbo was put in charge of Huawei’s chip development in 2003, the young engineer was handed an annual budget of $400 million and a mandate that would eventually put her at the center of China’s most consequential technology effort.

More than two decades later, ​He, often described in Chinese technology circles as Huawei’s “chip queen,“ has become one of the company’s most important ‌executives and ‌a symbol of China’s determination to survive U.S. sanctions and build a self-reliant semiconductor business.

He ​is president of Huawei’s semiconductor business and director of its Scientist Committee. She is also one of only two women on Huawei’s 17-member board, alongside Meng Wanzhou, the daughter of founder Ren Zhengfei and Huawei’s rotating chairwoman.